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Data Encryption

Last Updated: 10th September, 2026

Imagine you send a message online

If someone intercepts it, they can read everything

Now imagine the message is converted into a secret code

Even if someone sees it…
They can’t understand it

Only the intended receiver can decode it

That’s exactly what Data Encryption does

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What is Data Encryption?

Data Encryption is the process of converting readable data (plaintext) into unreadable format (ciphertext)

Only authorized users with the correct key can decrypt it

Types of Encryption in GCP

1. Encryption at Rest

  • Data stored in disks, databases, storage
  • Automatically encrypted by GCP

2. Encryption in Transit

  • Data moving over network
  • Protected using HTTPS / TLS

3. Encryption in Use (Advanced)

  • Data processed securely in memory
  • Confidential computing

Encryption Types Summary

Type

When Applied

Example

At RestStored dataCloud Storage
In TransitData transferHTTPS
In UseDuring processingSecure VM

Encryption Keys in GCP

1. Google-Managed Keys

  • Automatically handled
  • No setup required

2. Customer-Managed Keys (CMEK)

  • You control keys
  • Stored in Cloud KMS

3. Customer-Supplied Keys (CSEK)

  • Provided during request
  • Highest control

Technical Example (Using CMEK)

gcloud kms keyrings create my-keyring --location=global

gcloud kms keys create my-key \
  --location=global \
  --keyring=my-keyring \
  --purpose=encryption

This creates an encryption key

Real-Life Examples

1. Online Banking

  • Protect sensitive transactions

2. E-commerce Platforms

  • Secure payment data

3. Messaging Apps

  • Encrypt user messages

4. Cloud Storage

  • Protect uploaded files
Module 4: Security & IAM Data Encryption

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