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Machine Types & Scaling

Last Updated: 10th September, 2026

Imagine you rent a computer in the cloud

At first, you choose a small machine perfect for testing

But suddenly your app grows

  • More users
  • More traffic
  • More processing

Now your system becomes slow

What do you do?

  • Upgrade the machine
  • Or add more machines

That’s where Machine Types & Scaling come into play

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What are Machine Types?

Machine Types define the CPU, memory (RAM), and performance of your VM.

Choosing the right machine type ensures:

  • Better performance
  • Cost efficiency

Types of Machine Families

Type

Use Case

General PurposeBalanced workloads
Compute OptimizedHigh CPU tasks
Memory OptimizedLarge databases
GPU MachinesAI/ML, graphics

Example Machine Type

--machine-type=e2-medium

Includes predefined CPU & RAM

What is Scaling?

Scaling means adjusting resources based on demand

Two types of scaling:

Types of Scaling

Type

Description

Vertical ScalingIncrease power of one VM
Horizontal ScalingAdd more VMs

Vertical vs Horizontal Scaling

Feature

Vertical Scaling

Horizontal Scaling

MethodUpgrade machineAdd more machines
LimitHas limitsHighly scalable
ComplexitySimpleRequires load balancing

Technical Example (Scaling VM)

Change Machine Type

gcloud compute instances set-machine-type my-vm \
  --machine-type=e2-standard-4

Auto Scaling (Managed Instance Group)

gcloud compute instance-groups managed set-autoscaling my-group \
  --max-num-replicas=5 \
  --target-cpu-utilization=0.6

Automatically adds/removes VMs

Real-Life Examples / Use Cases

1. E-commerce Website

  • Scale up during sales
  • Scale down after traffic drops

2. Video Streaming

  • Handle millions of users dynamically

3. Startup Growth

  • Start small → scale gradually

4. Gaming Servers

  • Add servers during peak hours
Module 3: Compute & DeploymentMachine Types & Scaling

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