Writing Better Error Handling

Good error handling is not just about catching errors
It's about handling them smartly, consistently, and safely.

Key Best Practices

1. Use Correct HTTP Status Codes

Always match the error with the right status code.

• ✔ 400 → Bad input
• ✔ 401 → Authentication issue
• ✔ 404 → Resource not found
• ✔ 500 → Server problem

Wrong codes create confusion for developers.

2. Keep Error Messages Clear & Simple

• ❌ “Unhandled exception occurred”
• ✅ “Email field is missing”

Messages should help users understand and fix the issue.

3. Maintain Consistent Structure

Every error response should follow the same format:

Consistency makes APIs predictable and easy to use.

4. Do Not Expose Sensitive Information

• ❌ Showing database queries or stack traces
• ✅ Show only necessary information

Keep internal details hidden for security.

5. Use Centralized Error Handling

• Handle errors in one place
• Avoid repeating code everywhere

Keeps your API clean and scalable.

6. Log Every Important Error

• Save error details for debugging
• Track patterns and frequent issues

Helps in long-term improvement.

Real-Life Examples

1. GPS Navigation App

When you take a wrong turn:

• ❌ “Error occurred”
• ✅ “You missed the turn. Re-routing…”

Clear guidance improves experience

2. ATM Machine

If something goes wrong:

• ❌ Shows technical error
• ✅ “Insufficient balance”

Simple and user-friendly message

3. Online Form Submission

When input is incorrect:

• ❌ “Invalid data”
• ✅ “Password must be at least 8 characters”

Specific feedback helps users fix mistakes